ABSTRACT
@#Objective To evaluate the pharmacodynamics of human interferon(IFN)α1b against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2)Omicron strain in vitro.Methods Total four drugs human IFNα1b bulk,human IFNα1b eye drops,human IFNα1b spray and Remdesivir were detected for cytotoxicity by CCK-8 assay.The inhibitory effect of human IFNα1b on SARS-CoV-2 Omicron strains(BA.5/BA.2/BA.1)was determined by qPCR.Results Human IFNα1b bulk of the maximum concentration(1 × 107IU/mL)and Remdesivir of the maximum concentration(150 μmol/L)did not achieve half cytotoxicity to Vero cells;The median cytotoxicity concentrations(CC_(50))of human IFNα1b eye drops and human IFNα1b sprays were 29 958 and 37 550 IU/mL,respectively,showing toxicity to Vero cells.The median effective concentrations(EC_(50))of human IFNα1b against virus strains BA.1,BA.2 and BA.5 after incubation for 2 h in advance were 9.30,13.38 and 12.33 IU/mL and those of Remdesivir were 0.314 7,0.291 0 and0.300 3 μmol/L.When incubation with virus simultaneously,the EC_(50)of human IFNα1b to BA.1,BA.2 and BA.5 were19.68,10.91 and 18.84 IU/mL and those of the control drug Remdesivir were 0.320 5,0.274 4 and 0.304 1 μmol/L,respectively.Conclusion At the cell level in vitro,human IFNα1b of very low activity showed a good inhibitory effect on SARS-CoV-2 Omicron strain,which was expected to be a clinical specific drug for the treatment of SARS-CoV-2 Omicron strain infection.
ABSTRACT
Objective To discuss the pain degree of the three different incisions (subxiphoid, navel, right abdomen) and the relationship between incisions local infiltration and nausea-vomiting after Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy (LC). Methods 100 patients (ASA I) scheduled for elective surgery were randomly divided into 5 groups (n = 20): Subxiphoid Group (Group A), Navel Group (Group B), Right Abdomen Group (Group C), All Incisions Group (Group D) and Control Group (Group E). Before the incisions were sutured, patients in Group A, Group B and Group C received incisions local infiltration of Ropivacaine (0.5％, 3 ml) in subxiphoid, navel and right abdomen. Patients in Group D received incisions local infiltration of Ropivacaine (0.5％, 3 ml) in all the three incisions. Patients in Group E received saline with the same volume (3 ml) in all the three incisions. The Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) pain scores were recorded when the patients left the operating room, 2 hours, 4 hours, 8 hours, 16 hours and 24 hours after the operation. The circumstances of nausea-vomiting were also recorded. Results Demographic parameters were similar among groups. The VAS pain scores declined with time gone by. The VAS pain scores:Group A< Group D < Group C < Group B < Group E (F = 7.16, P = 0.000). Comparison between groups: The VAS pain scores in Group A and Group D were significantly less than these in Group C and Group B. The VAS pain scores in Group C and Group B were significantly less than these in Group E. There is a difference among all the groups about the percentages of nausea-vomiting. The percentages of Group B were significantly less than these in the other 4 Groups (χ2 = 10.39, P = 0.034). Conclusions The pain of the subxiphoid incision was the most severe pain in the patients receiving LC. Compared with the other two incisions local infiltration, subxiphoid incision local infiltration proved to be the most effective treatment in reducing the VAS pain scores in patient receiving LC. Navel incision local infiltration proved to be the most effective treatment in reducing the percentages of nausea-vomiting after LC.